Lagabhag 5000 varsh puraanee yah shruti aaj bhee utanee hee praasangik hai jitanee ise rachit karate samay thee. srshti kI utpatti aaj bhee ek rahasy hai. srshti ke pehele kya tha ? Isakee rachana kisane, kab aur kyon kee? Aisa kya hua jisase is srshti ka nirmaan hua ?
Anekon Anasulajhe prashn hai jinaka ek nishchit uttar kisi ki paas nahai hai. kuchh siddhaant hai jo kuchh prashnon ka uttar dete hai aur kuchh naye prashn khade karate hai. sabhee prashnon ke uttar dene vaala siddhaant abhi tak saamane nahin aaya hai.
Sabse jyaada maanyata prapt siddhaant hai Mahaavisphot Siddhaant (The Bing Bang Theory)।
Mahaavisphot Siddhaan (The Bing Bang Theory)
1929 mai Edaveen Habbal ne ek aashchary janak khoj kee, unhone paaya kee Antariksh mai Aap kisi bhi Disha mai dekhe Aakaashagangaaye aur anya Akaasheey pind tejee se ek doosare se door ho raha hai. Dosre shabdo mai brahmaand ka visttar ho raha hai. Isaka matalab yah hai ki Itihaas mai brahmaand ke sabhee padaarth aaj ki tulana mai ek doosare se aur bhi paas rahe honge. aur ek samay aisa raha hoga jab sabhee aakaasheey pind ek hee sthaan par rahe honge, lekin kya aap is par vishvaas karenge ?
Tab se lekar ab tak khagol shaastriyon ne un paristhitiyon ka vishleshan karane ka prayaas kiya hai ki kaise brahmaandeey padaarth ek doosare se ekadam paas hone kee sthitee se ekadam door hote ja rahe hai.
Tab se lekar ab tak khagol shaastriyon ne un paristhitiyon ka vishleshan karane ka prayaas kiya hai ki kaise brahmaandeey padaarth ek doosare se ekadam paas hone kee sthitee se ekadam door hote ja rahe hai.
Itihaas mai kisee samay , shaayad 10 se 15 arab saal poorv , brahmaand ke sabhee kan ek doosare se ekadam paas paas the. ve itane paas paas the ki ve sabhee ek hee jagah the, ek hee bindu par. saara brahmaand ek
bindu kee shakl mai tha. yah bindu atyadhik ghanatv(Infinitai dainsity) ka, atyant chhota bindu(Infinitaisimally small ) tha. brahmaand ka yah bindu roop apane atyadhik ghanatv ke kaaran atyant garm(infinitaily hot) raha
hoga. is sthitee mai bhautikee, ganit ya vigyaan ka koee bhee niyam kaam nahin karata hai. yah vah sthitee hai jab manushy kisee bhee prakaar anumaan ya vishleshan karane mai asamarth hai. kaal ya samay bhee is
sthitee mai ruk jaata hai, doosare shabdon mai kaal aur samay ke koee maayane nahin rahate hai.*
Is sthitee mai kisee agyaat kaaran se achaanak brahmaand ka vistaar hona shuroo hua. ek maha visphot ke saath brahmaand ka janm hua aur brahmaand mai padaarth ne ek doosare se door jaana shuroo kar diya.
Maha Visphot ke 10-43 sec ke baad, atyadhik oorja(Photaan kanon ke roop mai) ka hee astitv tha. isee samay kvaark , ilektraan, entee ilektraan jaise moolabhoot kanon ka nirmaan hua. in kanon ke baare ham agale anko me jaanenge.
10-34 Sec ke pashchaat, kvaark aur entee kvaark jaise kano ka moolabhoot kanon ke atyaadhik urja ke madhy takaraav ke kaaran jyaada maatra me nirmaan hua. is samay kan aur unake prati-kan donon ka nirmaan
ho raha tha , isamen se kuchh ek kan aur unake prati-kando osare se takara kar khatm bhee ho rahe the. is samay bramhaand ka aakaar ek santare ke aakaar ka tha.
10-10 sec ke pashchaat, entee kvaark kvaark se takara kar poorn roop se khatm ho chuke the, is takaraav se photaan ka nirmaan ho raha tha. saath mai isee samay protaan aur nyutraan ka bhee nirmaan hua
1 sec ke pashchaat, jab taapamaan 10 arab digree selseeyas tha, brahmaand ne aakaar lena shuroo kiya. us samay brahmaand mai jyaadaatar photaan, ilektraan , Nyutreeno aur unake pratee kano ke saath me kuchh maatra me protaan tatha nyutraan the.
Protaan aur nyutraan ne ek doosare ke saath mil kar tatvon(ailaimaints) ka kendr (nuchlaii) banaana shuroo kiya jise aaj ham haidrojan, heeleeyam, lithiyam aur dyutereeyam ke naam se jaanate hai.
jab maha visphot ke baad teen minat beet chuke the, taapamaan girakar 1 arab digree selseeyas ho chuka tha, tatv aur brahmaandeey vikiran(chosmich radiation) ka nirmaan ho chuka tha. yah vikiran aaj bhee maujood hai aur ise mahasoos kiya ja sakata hai.
Aage badhane par 300,000 varsh ke pashchaat, vistaar karata hua brahmaand abhee bhee aaj ke brahmaand se mel nahin khaata tha. tatv aur vikiran ek doosare se alag hona shuroo ho chuke the. isee samay ilektraan ,
kendrak ke saath mai mil kar paramaanu ka nirmaan kar rahe the. paramaanu milakar anu bana rahe the.
Is ke 1 arab varsh pashchaat, brahmaand ka ek nishchit sa aakaar banana shuroo hua tha. isee samay kvaasar, protogaileksee(aakaashaganga ka praarambhik roop), taaron ka janm hone laga tha. taare haayadrojan jalaakar bhaaree tatvon ka nirmaan kar rahe the.
Aaj maha visphot ke lagabhag 14 arab saal pashchaat kee sthitee dekhe ! taaron ke saath unaka saur mandal ban chuka hai. paramaanu milakar kathin anu bana chuke hai. jisame kuchh kathin anu jeevan( uda: amino achid) ke moolabhoot kan hai. yahee nahin kaaphee saare taare mar kar shyaam vivar(blachk holai) ban chuke hai.
brahmaand ka abhee bhee vistaar ho raha hai, aur vistaar kee gati badhatee ja rahee hai. vistaar hote huye brahmaand kee tulana aap ek gubbaare se kar sakate hai, jis tarah gubbaare ko phulaane par usakee satah par sthit
bindu ek doosare se door hote jaate hai usee tarah aakaashagangaaye ek doosare se door ja rahee hai. yah vistaar kuchh is tarah se ho raha hai jisaka koee kendr nahin hai, har aakaash ganga doosaree aakaashaganga se door ja rahee hai.
Vaikalpik Siddhaant (The Alternative Theory)
Is siddhaant ke anusaar kaal aur antariksh ek saath maha visphot ke saath praarambh nahin huye the. isakee maanyata hai ki kaal anaadi hai, isaka na to aadi hai na ant. aaye is siddhaant ko jaane.
Aakaashagangao(galaxy) aur aakaasheey pindon ka samuh antariksh mai ek mai ek doosare se door jaate rahata hai. maha visphot ke siddhaant ke anusaar aakaasheey pindo kee ek doosare se door jaane kee gati maha
visphot ke baad ke samay aur aaj ke samay kee tulana mai kam hai. ise aage badhaate huye yah siddhaant kahata hai ki bhavishy me aakaasheey pindon ka gurutvaakarshan is vistaar kee gati par rok lagaane me saksham
ho jaayega. isee samay vipareet prakriya ka praarambh hoga arthaat sankuchan ka. sabhee aakaasheey pind ek doosare ke najadeek aur najadeek aate jaayenge aur ant mai ek bindu ke rup mai sankuchit ho jaayenge. isee pal ek aur maha visphot hoga aur ek naya brahmaand banega, vistaar kee prakriya ek baar aur praarambh hogee.
yah prakriya anaadi kaal se chal rahee hai, hamaara vishv is vistaar aur sankuchan kee prakriya me bane mai anekon vishv mai se ek hai. isake pahale bhee anekon vishv bane hai aur bhavishy mai bhee banate rahenge.
brahmaand ke sankuchit hokar ek bindu mai ban jaane kee prakriya ko Maha Sankuchan(The Big Crunch) ke naam se jaana jaata hai. hamaara vishv bhee ek aise hee maha sankuchan mai nasht ho jaayega, jo ek maha
visphot ke dvaara naye brahmaand ko janm dega. yadi yah siddhaant sahee hai tab yah sankuchan kee prakriya aaj se 1 kharab 50 arab varsh pashchaat praarambh hogee.
Yathaasthiti Siddhaant (The Quite State Theory)
Maha visphot ka siddhaant sabase jyaada maany siddhaant hai lekin sabhee vaigyaanik isase sahamat nahin hain . ve maanate hai ki brahmaand anaadi hai, isaka na to aadi hai na ant. unake anusaar brahmaand ka maha
Visphot se praarambh nahin hua tha na isaka ant maha sankuchan se hoga.
Yah siddhaant maanata hai ki brahmaand ka aaj jaisa hai vaisa ye hamesha se tha aur hamesha aisa hee rahega. lekin sachchaee isake vipareet hai.
Is ank mai brahmaand kee utpatti ke baare mai hamane charcha kee, agale ank mai ham maha visphot aur bhautikee mai moolabhoot siddhaanto kee vistaar se charcha karenge.
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(*) is vishay par poora ek lekh likhana hai.
(1)Kan aur prati-kan: padaarth ke har moolabhoot kan ka pratikan bhee hota hai. jaise ilektraan ke liye entee ilektraan(paajeetraan), protaan-entee protaan , nyutraan -enteenyutraan ityaadi. jab ek kan aur usaka pratikan
Takaraate hai donon oorja(photaan) mai badal jaate hai. yadi aapako kabhee aapaka entee manushy mile tab aap usase haath milaane kee galatee na karen. aap donon ek dhamaake ke roop mai oorja mai badal jaayenge.
(2)Ye bhee ek rahasy hai ki brahmaand ke nirmaan ke samay kan aur pratikan donon bane, lekin kanon kee maatra itanee jyaada kyon hai ? kya prati brahmaand (anti univairsai) ka bhee astitv hai ?
(3) Nyutreeno ka matalab nyutraan nahin hai, ye ilektraan ke samaan dravyamaan rakhate hai lekin in par aavesh(+/-) nahin hota hai.
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